Science Quiz with Answers | Grade 12 AP Level Test
Free Grade 12 Science Quiz with answers! 20 AP-level questions: physics, chemistry, biology. Ohm’s Law, DNA polymerase, mass-energy equivalence. 70% PASS for college prep. High school senior review!
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Grade 12 science quiz with detailed answers covering AP physics (Ohm’s Law), chemistry (electronegativity), biology (mitochondria). 20 textbook-style questions for senior year review and college prep!
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#1. Which pancreatic hormone specifically lowers elevated blood glucose levels after meals?
Explanation: Insulin ↑ GLUT4 transporters → glucose uptake by muscle/adipose tissue.
#2. Which factor has the greatest influence on increasing the rate of a typical chemical reaction?
Explanation: 10°C ↑ doubles rate (rule of thumb); activation energy barrier ↓ (Arrhenius).
#3. What is the approximate acceleration due to gravity experienced on the surface of Earth’s Moon?
Explanation: Moon’s mass = 1/81 Earth’s; radius = 1/4 Earth’s → gₘₒₒₙ = gₑₐᵣₜₕ/6.
#4. What is the standard numerical range of the pH scale used in aqueous solutions?
Explanation: pH = -log[H⁺]; 7=neutral, <7=acidic, >7=basic.
#5. Which cellular organelle serves as the primary site for ATP production through cellular respiration?
Explanation: Inner mitochondrial membrane houses electron transport chain, ATP synthase.
#6. The molecular structure of ozone (O₃) demonstrates which specific type of isomerism?
Explanation: Delocalized π electrons across three oxygen atoms; equivalent structures.
#7. Which periodic table group contains the most reactive nonmetal elements?
Explanation: Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) gain 1 electron to complete octet.
#8. How many total chromosomes are present in a typical human diploid somatic cell?
Explanation: 22 homologous autosomal pairs + 1 sex chromosome pair (XX or XY).
#9. In human nephrons, the initial filtration of blood plasma occurs specifically within which structure?
Explanation: Glomerulus hydrostatic pressure forces filtrate through filtration membrane.
#10. What is the dimensional formula for electrical resistance derived from base SI units?
Explanation: R = V/I = (Work/Charge)/(Charge/Time) = ML²T⁻³A⁻².
#11. Which photosynthetic pigment absorbs light most efficiently at 430nm and 662nm wavelengths?
Explanation: Primary reaction center pigment in photosystems I & II.
#12. Lenz’s Law specifically describes which fundamental physical phenomenon?
Explanation: Induced current creates opposing magnetic field (Faraday’s corollary). Key electromagnetism principle.
#13. In a step-up transformer, which electrical quantity specifically increases across the secondary coil?
Explanation: Vₛ/Vₚ = Nₛ/Nₚ (turns ratio). Power conserved: P=VI constant.
#14. Newton’s First Law of Motion is also known by which classical name?
Explanation: Objects maintain uniform motion unless acted upon by net force.
#15. What is the SI unit used to measure electrical resistance in a circuit?
Explanation: Ohm (Ω) quantifies opposition to current flow per Ohm’s Law: V=IR. Essential circuit analysis.
#16. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) and dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) represent which type of constitutional isomerism?
Explanation: -OH (alcohol) vs -O- (ether) different functional groups, same molecular formula.
#17. Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of new DNA strands during replication?
Explanation: Adds nucleotides 5’→3′ direction using template strand.
#18. Which nitrogenous base replaces thymine in RNA molecular structure?
Explanation: RNA: A-U, G-C pairing; DNA: A-T, G-C.
#19. Which element exhibits the highest electronegativity value on the Pauling scale?
Explanation: Fluorine (χ = 4.0) strongest electron attractor due to small size, high nuclear charge.
#20. Which fat-soluble vitamin is primarily synthesized in human skin upon ultraviolet exposure?
Explanation: UVB converts 7-dehydrocholesterol → cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃).
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